Alloys

Added to iron to make steel (up to 1.7%)		Carbon
An amalgam is any alloy of		Mercury
Bronze is typically 88% copper, and 12%		Tin
Brass is typically 50–65% copper, and 50–35%		Zinc
Spelter is an impure form of		Zinc

A form of bronze, but with nearly twice as much tin (typically 78% copper, 22% tin) – named after the artefacts that are typically made from it		Bell metal
Created in Sheffield around 1770; often used for electroplating, as a cheaper alternative to nickel silver; 92% tin, 6% antimony, and 2% copper		Britannia metal
Alloy of silver and gold (any proportions – usually about 75% gold)		Electrum
Nickel–iron alloy noted for its extremely low coefficient of expansion; used in precision instruments, clocks etc.; invented in 1896 by Swiss scientist Charles Édouard Guillaume, who received the Nobel Prize for it		Invar
60% copper, 20% nickel, 20% zinc – a.k.a. German silver – introduced to Britain from Germany around 1830, largely superseding Sheffield plate		Nickel silver
Typically 94% tin, 1% copper, 5% antimony; sometimes also bismuth and (less commonly today) lead; tin content can vary from 85% to 98%		Pewter
Type of brass (typically 89–93% copper, 7–11% zinc), used to imitate gold; named after the London clockmaker who invented it in the early 18th century		Pinchbeck
Layered combinanion of silver and copper, used for many years (see Nickel silver) as a substitue for silver in a wide range of household articles: accidentally invented in 1743 by Thomas Boulsover		Sheffield plate
First produced in Sheffield by Harry Brearley, 1913; 85–88% steel, 12–15% chromium		Stainless steel
Term used (since at least the 11th century) for an alloy of silver (92.5%) with some other metal – usually copper – for increased durability		Sterling silver
Used in printing: 50–86% lead, 11–30% antimony, 3–20% tin		Type metal
50% bismuth, 26.7% lead, 13.3% tin, 10% cadmium: named after the New York dentist who discovered it in 1860; notable for its low melting point		Wood's metal

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Alloys